[Code of Federal Regulations] [Title 14, Volume 2, Parts 60 to 139] [Revised as of January 1, 1999] From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access [CITE: 14CFR121.723] [Page 524-594] TITLE 14--AERONAUTICS AND SPACE CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (Continued) PART 121--OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: DOMESTIC, FLAG, AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS--Table of Contents Subpart W--Crewmember Certificate: International Sec. 121.723 Surrender of international crewmember certificate. The holder of a certificate issued under this section, or the air carrier by whom the holder is employed, shall surrender the certificate for cancellation at the nearest FAA Flight Standards District Office at the termination of the holder's employment with that air carrier. [Doc. No. 28154, 61 FR 30435, June 14, 1996] [[Page 525]] Appendix A to Part 121--First-Aid Kits and Emergency Medical Kits First-Aid Kits Approved first-aid kits required by Sec. 121.309 must meet the following specifications and requirements: (1) Each first-aid kit must be dust and moisture proof, and contain only materials that either meet Federal Specification GG-K-391a, as revised, or are approved. (2) Required first-aid kits must be distributed as evenly as practicable throughout the aircraft and be readily accessible to the cabin flight attendants. (3) The minimum number of first-aid kits required is set forth in the following table: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ No. of No. of passenger seats first-aid kits ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0-50........................................................ 1 51-150...................................................... 2 151-250..................................................... 3 More than 250............................................... 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (4) Except as provided in paragraph (5), each first-aid kit must contain at least the following or other approved contents: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Quantity ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Adhesive bandage compresses, 1-inch......................... 16 Antiseptic swabs............................................ 20 Ammonia inhalants........................................... 10 Bandage compresses, 4-inch.................................. 8 Triangular bandage compresses, 40-inch...................... 5 Arm splint, noninflatable................................... 1 Leg splint, noninflatable................................... 1 Roller bandage, 4-inch...................................... 4 Adhesive tape, 1-inch standard roll......................... 2 Bandage scissors............................................ 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (5) Arm and leg splints which do not fit within a first-aid kit may be stowed in a readily accessible location that is as near as practicable to the kit. Emergency Medical Kits The approved emergency medical kit required by Sec. 121.309 for passenger flights must meet the following specifications and requirements: (1) Approved emergency medical equipment shall be stored securely so as to keep it free from dust, moisture, and damaging temperatures. (2) One approved emergency medical kit shall be provided for each aircraft during each passenger flight and shall be located so as to be readily accessible to crewmembers. (3) Except as provided in paragraph (4) of this appendix, the approved emergency medical kit must contain, as a minimum, the following appropriately maintained contents in the specified quantities: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Quantity ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sphygmomanometer............................................. 1 Stethoscope.................................................. 1 Airways, oropharyngeal (3 sizes)............................. 3 Syringes (sizes necessary to administer required drugs)...... 4 Needles (sizes necessary to administer required drugs)....... 6 50% Dextrose injection, 50cc................................. 1 Epinephrine 1:1000, single dose ampule or equivalent......... 2 Diphenhydramine HCI injection, single dose ampule or 2 equivalent.................................................. Nitroglycerin tablets........................................ 10 Basic instructions for use of the drugs in the kit........... 1 Protective latex gloves or equivalent........................ \1\ 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Pair. (4) Until June 3, 1996, required protective latex gloves or equivalent nonpermeable gloves may be placed in the emergency medical kit or in a location that is readily accessible to crewmembers. [Doc. No. 12384, 38 FR 35234, Dec. 26, 1973, as amended by Amdt. 121- 115, 40 FR 1039, Jan. 6, 1975; Amdt. 121-188, 51 FR 1223, Jan. 9, 1986; Amdt. 121-236, 59 FR 1781, Jan. 12, 1994; Amdt. 121-242, 59 FR 52642, Oct. 18, 1994; Amdt. 121-243, 59 FR 62276, Dec. 2, 1994] Appendix B to Part 121--Airplane Flight Recorder Specification ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Accuracy sensor Parameters Range input to DFDR Sampling interval Resolution \4\ readout (per second) readout ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Time (GMT or Frame Counter) 24 Hrs............ 0.125% 0.25 (1 per 4 1 sec. (range 0 to 4095, sampled 1 per Per Hour. seconds). frame). Altitude........................ -1,000 ft to max 100 to 1................. 5 to 35 1 certificated 700 altitude of ft (See Table 1, aircraft. TSO-C51a). Airspeed........................ 50 KIAS to V so, 5%, 1................. 1 kt. and V so to 1.2 3%. VD. Heading......................... 360............... 2..... 1................. 0.5 Normal Acceleration (Vertical).. -3g to +6g........ 1% of 8................. 0.01g. max range excluding datum error of 5%. Pitch Attitude.................. 75.... 2..... 1................. 0.5 Roll Attitude................... 180... 2..... 1................. 0.5 Radio Transmitter Keying........ On-Off (Discrete). 2..... 2%.... .................. Thrust/Power on Each Engine..... Full Range Forward 2..... 1 (per engine).... 0.2% 2 [[Page 526]] Trailing Edge Flap or Cockpit Full Range or Each 3 or 0.5............... 0.5% 2 Control Selection. Discrete Position. as Pilot's Indicator. Leading Edge Flap or Cockpit Full Range or Each 3 or 0.5............... 0.5% 2 Control Selection. Discrete Position. as Pilot's Indicator. Thrust Reverser Position........ Stowed, In .................. 1 (per 4 seconds .................. Transit, and per engine). Reverse (Discrete). Ground Spoiler Position/Speed Full Range or Each 2% 1................. 0.2% 2. Brake Selection. Discrete Position. Unless Higher Accuracy Uniquely Required. Marker Beacon Passage........... Discrete.......... .................. 1................. .................. Autopilot Engagement............ Discrete.......... .................. 1................. .................. Longitudinal Acceleration....... 1g.... 1.5% 4................. 0.01g. max range excluding datum error of 5%. Pilot Input and/or Surface Full Range........ 2 1................. 0.2% 2. Position--Primary Controls Unless Higher (Pitch, Roll, Yaw) 3. Accuracy Uniquely Required. Lateral Acceleration............ 1g.... 1.5% 4................. 0.01g. max range excluding datum error of 5%. Pitch Trim Position............. Full Range........ 3% 1................. 0.3% 2. Unless Higher Accuracy Uniquely Required. Glideslope Deviation............ 400 3%.... 1................. 0.3% 2. Microamps. Localizer Deviation............. 400 3%.... 1................. 0.3% 2. Microamps. AFCS Mode and Engagement Status. Discrete.......... .................. 1................. .................. Radio Altitude.................. -20 ft to 2,500 ft 2 Ft 1................. 1 ft + 5% 2 above or 3% 500. Whichever is Greater Below 500 Ft and 5% Above 500 Ft. Master Warning.................. Discrete.......... .................. 1................. .................. Main Gear Squat Switch Status... Discrete.......... .................. 1................. .................. Angle of Attack (if recorded As installed...... As installed...... 2................. 0.3% 2 directly).. Outside Air Temperature or Total -50 C to +90 C.... 2 c... 0.5............... 0.3 c Air Temperature.. Hydraulics, Each System Low Discrete.......... .................. 0.5............... or 0.5% 2 Pressure. Groundspeed..................... As installed...... Most Accurate 1................. 0.2% 2 Systems Installed (IMS Equipped Aircraft Only). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If additional recording capacity is available, recording of the following parameters is recommended. The parameters are listed in order of significance: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Drift Angle..................... When available, As As installed...... 4................. .................. installed. Wind Speed and Direction........ When available, As As installed...... 4................. .................. installed. Latitude and Longitude.......... When available, As As installed...... 4................. .................. installed. Brake pressure/Brake pedal As installed...... As installed...... 1................. .................. position. Additional engine parameters: EPR......................... As installed...... As installed...... 1 (per engine).... .................. N1.......................... As installed...... As installed...... 1 (per engine).... .................. N2.......................... As installed...... As installed...... 1 (per engine).... .................. EGT......................... As installed...... As installed...... 1 (per engine).... .................. Throttle Lever Position......... As installed...... As installed...... 1 (per engine).... .................. Fuel Flow....................... As installed...... As installed...... 1 (per engine).... .................. TCAS: TA.......................... As installed...... As installed...... 1................. .................. RA.......................... As installed...... As installed...... 1................. .................. Sensitivity level (as As installed...... As installed...... 2................. .................. selected by crew). GPWS (ground proximity warning Discrete.......... .................. 1................. .................. system). Landing gear or gear selector Discrete.......... .................. 0.25 (1 per 4 .................. position. seconds). DME 1 and 2 Distance............ 0-200 NM;......... As installed...... 0.25.............. 1 mi. Nav 1 and 2 Frequency Selection. Full range........ As installed...... 0.25.............. .................. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ When altitude rate is recorded. Altitude rate must have sufficient resolution and sampling to permit the derivation of altitude to 5 feet. [[Page 527]] \2\ Per cent of full range. \3\ For airplanes that can demonstrate the capability of deriving either the control input on control movement (one from the other) for all modes of operation and flight regimes, the ``or'' applies. For airplanes with non- mechanical control systems (fly-by-wire) the ``and'' applies. In airplanes with split surfaces, suitable combination of inputs is acceptable in lieu of recording each surface separately. \4\ This column applies to aircraft manufactured after October 11, 1991. [Doc. No. 25530, 53 FR 26147, July 11, 1988; 53 FR 30906, Aug. 16, 1988] Appendix C to Part 121--C-46 Nontransport Category Airplanes Cargo Operations 1. Required engines. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the engines specified in subparagraphs (1) or (2) of this section must be installed in C-46 nontransport category airplanes operated at gross weights exceeding 45,000 pounds: (1) Pratt and Whitney R2800-51-M1 or R2800-75-M1 engines (engines converted from basic model R2800-51 or R2800-75 engines in accordance with FAA approved data) that-- (i) Conform to Engine Specification 5E-8; (ii) Conform to the applicable portions of the operator's manual; (iii) Comply with all the applicable airworthiness directives; and (iv) Are equipped with high capacity oil pump drive gears in accordance with FAA approved data. (2) Other engines found acceptable by the FAA Regional Flight Standards Division having type certification responsibility for the C-46 airplane. (b) Upon application by an operator conducting cargo operations with nontransport category C-46 airplanes between points within the State of Alaska, the appropriate FAA Flight Standards District Office, Alaskan Region, may authorize the operation of such airplanes, between points within the State of Alaska; without compliance with paragraph (a) of this section if the operator shows that, in its area of operation, installation of the modified engines is not necessary to provide adequate cooling for single-engine operations. Such authorization and any conditions or limitations therefor is made a part of the Operations Specifications of the operator. 2. Minimum acceptable means of complying with the special airworthiness requirements. Unless otherwise authorized under Sec. 121.213, the data set forth in sections 3 through 34 of this appendix, as correlated to the C-46 nontransport category airplane, is the minimum means of compliance with the special airworthiness requirements of Secs. 121.215 through 121.281. 3. Susceptibility of material to fire. [Deleted as unnecessary] 4. Cabin interiors. C-46 crew compartments must meet all the requirements of Sec. 121.215, and, as required in Sec. 121.221, the door between the crew compartment and main cabin (cargo) compartment must be flame resistant. 5. Internal doors. Internal doors, including the crew to main cabin door, must meet all the requirements of Sec. 121.217. 6. Ventilation. Standard C-46 crew compartments meet the ventilation requirements of Sec. 121.219 if a means of ventilation for controlling the flow of air is available between the crew compartment and main cabin. The ventilation requirement may be met by use of a door between the crew compartment and main cabin. The door need not have louvers installed; however, if louvers are installed, they must be controllable. 7. Fire precautions. Compliance is required with all the provisions of Sec. 121.221. (a) In establishing compliance with this section, the C-46 main cabin is considered as a Class A compartment if-- (1) The operator utilizes a standard system of cargo loading and tiedown that allows easy access in flight to all cargo in such compartment, and, such system is included in the appropriate portion of the operator's manual; and (2) A cargo barrier is installed in the forward end of the main cabin cargo compartment. The barrier must-- (i) Establish the most forward location beyond which cargo cannot be carried; (ii) Protect the components and systems of the airplane that are essential to its safe operation from cargo damage; and (iii) Permit easy access, in flight, to cargo in the main cabin cargo compartment. The barrier may be a cargo net or a network of steel cables or other means acceptable to the Administrator which would provide equivalent protection to that of a cargo net. The barrier need not meet crash load requirements of FAR Sec. 25.561; however, it must be attached to the cargo retention fittings and provide the degree of cargo retention that is required by the operators' standard system of cargo loading and tiedown. (b) C-46 forward and aft baggage compartments must meet, as a minimum, Class B requirements of this section or be placarded in a manner to preclude their use as cargo or baggage compartments. 8. Proof of compliance. The demonstration of compliance required by Sec. 121.223 is not required for C-46 airplanes in which-- (1) The main cabin conforms to Class A cargo compartment requirements of Sec. 121.219; and [[Page 528]] (2) Forward and aft baggage compartments conform to Class B requirements of Sec. 121.221, or are placarded to preclude their use as cargo or baggage compartments. 9. Propeller deicing fluid. No change from the requirements of Sec. 121.225. Isopropyl alcohol is a combustible fluid within the meaning of this section. 10. Pressure cross-feed arrangements, location of fuel tanks, and fuel system lines and fittings. C-46 fuel systems which conform to all applicable Curtiss design specifications and which comply with the FAA type certification requirements are in compliance with the provisions of Secs. 121.227 through 121.231. 11. Fuel lines and fittings in designated fire zones. No change from the requirements of Sec. 121.233. 12. Fuel valves. Compliance is required with all the provisions of Sec. 121.235. Compliance can be established by showing that the fuel system conforms to all the applicable Curtiss design specifications, the FAA type certification requirements, and, in addition, has explosion- proof fuel booster pump electrical selector switches installed in lieu of the open contact type used originally. 13. Oil lines and fittings in designated fire zones. No change from the requirements of Sec. 121.237. 14. Oil valves. C-46 oil shutoff valves must conform to the requirements of Sec. 121.239. In addition, C-46 airplanes using Hamilton Standard propellers must provide, by use of stand pipes in the engine oil tanks or other approved means, a positive source of oil for feathering each propeller. 15. Oil system drains. The standard C-46 ``Y'' drains installed in the main oil inlet line for each engine meet the requirements of Sec. 121.241. 16. Engine breather line. The standard C-46 engine breather line installation meets the requirements of Sec. 121.243 if the lower breather lines actually extend to the trailing edge of the oil cooler air exit duct. 17. Firewalls and firewall construction. Compliance is required with all of the provisions of Secs. 121.245 and 121.247. The following requirements must be met in showing compliance with these sections: (a) Engine compartment. The engine firewalls of the C-46 airplane must-- (1) Conform to type design, and all applicable airworthiness directives; (2) Be constructed of stainless steel or approved equivalent; and (3) Have fireproof shields over the fairleads used for the engine control cables that pass through each firewall. (b) Combustion heater compartment. C-46 airplanes must have a combustion heater fire extinguishing system which complies with AD-49- 18-1 or an FAA approved equivalent. 18. Cowling. Standard C-46 engine cowling (cowling of aluminum construction employing stainless steel exhaust shrouds) which conforms to the type design and cowling configurations which conform to the C-46 transport category requirements meet the requirements of Sec. 121.249. 19. Engine accessory section diaphragm. C-46 engine nacelles which conform to the C-46 transport category requirements meet the requirements of Sec. 121.251. As provided for in that section, a means of equivalent protection which does not require provision of a diaphragm to isolate the engine power section and exhaust system from the engine accessory compartment is the designation of the entire engine compartment forward of and including the firewall as a designated fire zone, and the installation of adequate fire detection and fire extinguishing systems which meet the requirements of Sec. 121.263 and Sec. 121.273, respectively, in such zone. 20. Powerplant fire protection. C-46 engine compartments and combustion heater compartments are considered as designated fire zones within the meaning of Sec. 121.253. 21. Flammable fluids-- (a) Engine compartment. C-46 engine compartments which conform to the type design and which comply with all applicable airworthiness directives meet the requirements of Sec. 121.255. (b) Combustion heater compartment. C-46 combustion heater compartments which conform to type design and which meet all the requirements of AD-49-18-1 or an FAA approved equivalent meet the requirements of Sec. 121.255. 22. Shutoff means-- (a) Engine compartment. C-46 engine compartments which comply with AD-62-10-2 or FAA approved equivalent meet the requirements of Sec. 121.257 applicable to engine compartments, if, in addition, a means satisfactory to the Administrator is provided to shut off the flow of hydraulic fluid to the cowl flap cylinder in each engine nacelle. The shutoff means must be located aft of the engine firewall. The operator's manual must include, in the emergency portion, adequate instructions for proper operation of the additional shutoff means to assure correct sequential positioning of engine cowl flaps under emergency conditions. In accordance with Sec. 121.315, this positioning must also be incorporated in the emergency section of the pilot's checklist. (b) Combustion heater compartment. C-46 heater compartments which comply with paragraph (5) of AD-49-18-1 or FAA approved equivalent meet the requirements of Sec. 121.257 applicable to heater compartments if, in addition, a shutoff valve located above the main cabin floor level is installed in the alcohol supply line or lines between the alcohol supply tank and those alcohol pumps located under the main cabin floor. If all of the alcohol pumps are located above the main cabin floor, the alcohol shutoff valve need [[Page 529]] not be installed. In complying with paragraph (5) of AD-49-18-1, a fail- safe electric fuel shutoff valve may be used in lieu of the manually operated valve. 23. Lines and fittings.--(a) Engine compartment. C-46 engine compartments which comply with all applicable airworthiness directives, including AD-62-10-2, by using FAA approved fire-resistant lines, hoses, and end fittings, and engine compartments which meet the C-46 transport category requirements, meet the requirements of Sec. 121.259. (b) Combustion heater compartments All lines, hoses, and end fittings, and couplings which carry fuel to the heaters and heater controls, must be of FAA approved fire-resistant construction. 24. Vent and drain lines.--(a) Enginecompartment. C-46 engine compartments meet the requirements of Sec. 121.261 if-- (1) The compartments conform to type design and comply with all applicable airworthiness directives or FAA approved equivalent; and (2) Drain lines from supercharger case, engine-driven fuel pump, and engine-driven hydraulic pump reach into the scupper drain located in the lower cowling segment. (b) Combustion heater compartment. C-46 heater compartments meet the requirements of Sec. 121.261 if they conform to AD-49-18-1 or FAA approved equivalent. 25. Fire-extinguishing system. (a) To meet the requirements of Sec. 121.263, C-46 airplanes must have installed fire extinguishing systems to serve all designated fire zones. The fire-extinguishing systems, the quantity of extinguishing agent, and the rate of discharge shall be such as to provide a minimum of one adequate discharge for each designated fire zone. Compliance with this provision requires the installation of a separate fire extinguisher for each engine compartment. Insofar as the engine compartment is concerned, the system shall be capable of protecting the entire compartment against the various types of fires likely to occur in the compartment. (b) Fire-extinguishing systems which conform to the C-46 transport category requirements meet the requirements set forth in paragraph (a). Furthermore, fire-extinguishing systems for combustion heater compartments which conform to the requirements of AD-49-18-1 or an FAA approved equivalent also meet the requirements in paragraph (a). In addition, a fire-extinguishing system for C-46 airplanes meets the adequacy requirement of paragraph (a) if it provides the same or equivalent protection to that demonstrated by the CAA in tests conducted in 1941 and 1942, using a CW-20 type engine nacelle (without diaphragm). These tests were conducted at the Bureau of Standards facilities in Washington, DC, and copies of the test reports are available through the FAA Regional Engineering Offices. In this connection, the flow rates and distribution of extinguishing agent substantiated in American Airmotive Report No. 128-52-d, FAA approved February 9, 1953, provides protection equivalent to that demonstrated by the CAA in the CW-20 tests. In evaluating any C-46 fire-extinguishing system with respect to the aforementioned CW-20 tests, the Administration would require data in a narrative form, utilizing drawings or photographs to show at least the following: Installation of containers; installation and routing of plumbing; type, number, and location of outlets or nozzles; type, total volume, and distribution of extinguishing agent; length of time required for discharging; means for thermal relief, including type and location of discharge indicators; means of discharging, e.g., mechanical cutterheads, electric cartridge, or other method; and whether a one- or two-shot system is used; and if the latter is used, means of cross- feeding or otherwise selecting distribution of extinguishing agent; and types of materials used in makeup of plumbing. High rate discharge (HRD) systems using agents such as bromotrifluoromethane, dibrodifluoromethane and chlorobromomethane (CB), may also meet the requirements of paragraph (a). 26. Fire-extinguishing agents, Extinguishing agent container pressure relief, Extinguishing agent container compartment temperatures, and Fire-extinguishing system materials. No change from the requirements of Secs. 121.265 through 121.271. 27. Fire-detector system. Compliance with the requirements of Sec. 121.273 requires that C-46 fire detector systems conform to: (a) AD-62-10-2 or FAA approved equivalent for engine compartments; and (b) AD-49-18-1 or FAA approved equivalent for combustion heater compartments 28. Fire detectors. No change from the requirements of Sec. 121.275. 29. Protection of other airplane components against fire. To meet the requirements of Sec. 121.277, C-46 airplanes must-- (a) Conform to the type design and all applicable airworthiness directives; and (b) Be modified or have operational procedures established to provide additional fire protection for the wheel well door aft of each engine compartment. Modifications may consist of improvements in sealing of the main landing gear wheel well doors. An operational procedure which is acceptable to the Agency is one requiring the landing gear control to be placed in the up position in case of in-flight engine fire. In accordance with Sec. 121.315, such procedure must be set forth in the emergency portion of the operator's emergency checklist pertaining to in-flight engine fire. 30. Control of engine rotation. C-46 propeller feathering systems which conform to the [[Page 530]] type design and all applicable airworthiness directives meet the requirements of Sec. 121.279. 31. Fuel system independence. C-46 fuel systems which conform to the type design and all applicable airworthiness directives meet the requirements of Sec. 121.281. 32. Induction system ice prevention. The C-46 carburetor anti-icing system which conforms to the type design and all applicable airworthiness directives meets the requirements of Sec. 121.283. 33. Carriage of cargo in passenger compartments. Section 121.285 is not applicable to nontransport category C-46 cargo airplanes. 34. Carriage of cargo in cargo compartments. A standard cargo loading and tiedown arrangement set forth in the operator's manual and found acceptable to the Administrator must be used in complying with Sec. 121.287. 35. Performance data. Performance data on Curtiss model C-46 airplane certificated for maximum weight of 45,000 and 48,000 pounds for cargo-only operations. 1. The following performance limitation data, applicable to the Curtiss model C-46 airplane for cargo-only operation, must be used in determining compliance with Secs. 121.199 through 121.205. These data are presented in the tables and figures of this appendix. Table 1--Takeoff Limitations (a) Curtiss C-46 certificated for maximum weight of 45,000 pounds. (1) Effective length of runway required when effective length is determined in accordance with Sec. 121.171 (distance to accelerate to 93 knots TIAS and stop, with zero wind and zero gradient). (Factor=1.00) [Distance in feet] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Airplane weight in pounds Standard altitude in feet ------------------------------- 39,000 42,000 45,000 \1\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ S.L..................................... 4,110 4,290 4,570 1,000................................... 4,250 4,440 4,720 2,000................................... 4,400 4,600 4,880 3,000................................... 4,650 4,880 5,190 4,000................................... 4,910 5,170 5,500 5,000................................... 5,160 5,450 5,810 6,000................................... 5,420 5,730 6,120 7,000................................... 5,680 6,000 6,440 8,000................................... 5,940 6,280 (\1\) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Ref. Fig. 1(a)(1) for weight and distance for altitudes above 7,000'. (2) Actual length of runway required when effective length, considering obstacles, is not determined (distance to accelerate to 93 knots TIAS and stop, divided by the factor 0.85). [Distance in feet] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Airplane weight in pounds Standard altitude in feet ------------------------------- 39,000 42,000 45,000 \1\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ S.L..................................... 4,830 5,050 5,370 1,000................................... 5,000 5,230 5,550 2,000................................... 5,170 5,410 5,740 3,000................................... 5,470 5,740 6,100 4,000................................... 5,770 6,080 6,470 5,000................................... 6,070 6,410 6,830 6,000................................... 6,380 6,740 7,200 7,000................................... 6,680 7,070 7,570 8,000................................... 6,990 7,410 (\1\) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Ref. Fig. 1(a)(2) for weight and distance for altitudes above 7,000'. (b) Curtiss C-46 certificated for maximum weight 48,000 pounds. (1) Effective length of runway required when effective length is determined in accordance with Sec. 121.171 (distance to accelerate to 93 knots TIAS and stop, with zero wind and zero gradient). (Factor=1.00) [Distance in feet] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Airplane weight in pounds Standard altitude in feet ----------------------------------------- 39,000 42,000 45,000 48,000 \1\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ S.L........................... 4,110 4,290 4,570 4,950 1,000......................... 4,250 4,440 4,720 5,130 2,000......................... 4,400 4,600 4,880 5,300 3,000......................... 4,650 4,880 5,190 5,670 4,000......................... 4,910 5,170 5,500 6,050 5,000......................... 5,160 5,450 5,810 6,420 6,000......................... 5,420 5,730 6,120 6,800 7,000......................... 5,680 6,000 6,440 (\1\) 8,000......................... 5,940 6,280 6,750 (\1\) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Ref. Fig. 1(b)(1) for weight and distance for altitudes above 6,000'. (2) Actual length of runway required when effective length, considering obstacles, is not determined (distance to accelerate to 93 knots TIAS and stop, divided by the factor 0.85). [Distance in feet] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Airplane weight in pounds Standard altitude in feet ----------------------------------------- 39,000 42,000 45,000 48,000 \1\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ S.L........................... 4,830 5,050 5,370 5,830 1,000......................... 5,000 5,230 5,550 6,030 2,000......................... 5,170 5,410 5,740 6,230 3,000......................... 5,470 5,740 6,100 6,670 4,000......................... 5,770 6,080 6,470 7,120 5,000......................... 6,070 6,410 6,830 7,560 6,000......................... 6,380 6,740 7,200 8,010 7,000......................... 6,680 7,070 7,570 (\1\) 8,000......................... 6,990 7,410 7,940 (\1\) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Ref. Fig. 1(b)(2) for weight and distance for altitudes above 6,000'. Table 2--En Route Limitations (a) Curtiss model C-46 certificated for maximum weight of 45,000 pounds (based on a climb speed of 113 knots (TIAS)). [[Page 531]] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terrain Weight (pounds) clearance Blower setting (feet) \1\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45,000................................ 6,450 Low. 44,000................................ 7,000 Do. 43,000................................ 7,500 Do. 42,200................................ 8,000 High. 41,000................................ 9,600 Do. 40,000................................ 11,000 Do. 39,000................................ 12,300 Do. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Highest altitude of terrain over which airplanes may be operated in compliance with Sec. 121.201. Ref. Fig. 2(a). (b) Curtiss model C-46 certificated for maximum weight of 48,000 pounds or with engine installation approved for 2,550 revolutions per minute (1,700 brake horsepower). Maximum continuous power in low blower (based on a climb speed of 113 knots (TIAS)). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terrain Weight (pounds) clearance Blower setting (feet)\1\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 48,000................................ 5,850 Low. 47,000................................ 6,300 Do. 46,000................................ 6,700 Do. 45,000................................ 7,200 Do. 44,500................................ 7,450 Do. 44,250................................ 8,000 High. 44,000................................ 8,550 Do. 43,000................................ 10,800 Do. 42,000................................ 12,500 Do. 41,000................................ 13,000 Do. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Highest altitude of terrain over which airplanes may be operated in compliance with Sec. 121.201. Ref. Fig. 2(b). Table 3--Landing Limitations (a) Intended Destination. Effective length of runway required for intended destination when effective length is determined in accordance with Sec. 121.171 with zero wind and zero gradient. (1) Curtiss model C-46 certificated for maximum weight of 45,000 pounds. (0.60 factor) Distance in feet ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Airplane weight in pounds and approach speeds \1\ in knots Standard altitude in feet --------------------------------------------------------------- 40,000 V50 42,000 V50 44,000 V50 45,000 V50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S.L............................................. 4,320 86 4,500 88 4,700 90 4,800 91 1,000........................................... 4,440 86 4,620 88 4,830 90 4,930 91 2,000........................................... 4,550 86 4,750 88 4,960 90 5,050 91 3,000........................................... 4,670 86 4,880 88 5,090 90 5,190 91 4,000........................................... 4,800 86 5,000 88 5,220 90 5,320 91 5,000........................................... 4,920 86 5,140 88 5,360 90 5,460 91 6,000........................................... 5,040 86 5,270 88 5,550 90 5,600 91 7,000........................................... 5,170 86 5,410 88 5,650 90 5,750 91 8,000........................................... 5,310 86 5,550 88 5,800 90 5,900 91 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Steady approach speed through 50-foot height TIAS denoted by symbol V50. Ref. Fig. 3(a)(1). (2) Curtiss model C-46 certificated for maximum weight of 48,000 pounds.\1\ (0.60 factor.) Distance in feet ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Airplane weight in pounds and approach speeds \2\ in knots Standard altitude in feet --------------------------------------------------------------- 42,000 V50 44,000 V50 46,000 V50 43,000 V50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S.L............................................. 3,370 80 3,490 82 3,620 84 3,740 86 1,000........................................... 3,460 80 3,580 82 3,710 84 3,830 86 2,000........................................... 3,540 80 3,670 82 3,800 84 3,920 86 3,000........................................... 3,630 80 3,760 82 3,890 84 4,020 86 4,000........................................... 3,720 80 3,850 82 3,980 84 4,110 86 5,000........................................... 3,800 80 3,940 82 4,080 84 4,220 86 6,000........................................... 3,890 80 4,040 82 4,180 84 4,320 86 7,000........................................... 3,980 80 4,140 82 4,280 84 4,440 86 8,000........................................... 4,080 80 4,240 82 4,390 84 4,550 86 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ For use with Curtiss model C-46 airplanes when approved for this weight. \2\ Steady approach speed through 50 height knots TIAS denoted by symbol V503. Ref. Fig. 3(a)(2). (b) Alternate Airports. Effective length of runway required when effective length is determined in accordance with Sec. 121.171 with zero wind and zero gradient. (1) Curtiss model C-46 certificated for maximum weight of 45,000 pounds. (0.70 factor.) [[Page 532]] Distance in feet ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Airplane weight in pounds and approach speeds \1\ in knots Standard altitude in feet --------------------------------------------------------------- 40,000 V50 42,000 V50 44,000 V50 45,000 V50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S.L............................................. 3,700 86 3,860 88 4,030 90 4,110 91 1,000........................................... 3,800 86 3,960 88 4,140 90 4,220 91 2,000........................................... 3,900 86 4,070 88 4,250 90 4,340 91 3,000........................................... 4,000 86 4,180 88 4,360 90 4,450 91 4,000........................................... 4,110 86 4,290 88 4,470 90 4,560 91 5,000........................................... 4,210 86 4,400 88 4,590 90 4,680 91 6,000........................................... 4,330 86 4,510 88 4,710 90 4,800 91 7,000........................................... 4,430 86 4,630 88 4,840 90 4,930 91 8,000........................................... 4,550 86 4,750 88 4,970 90 5,060 91 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Steady approach speed through 50 foot-height-knots TIAS denoted by symbol V50. Ref. Fig. 3(b)(1). (2) Curtiss model C-46 certificated for maximum weight of 48,000 pounds.\1\ (0.70 factor.) Distance in feet ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Airplane weight in pounds and approach speeds \2\ in knots Standard altitude in feet --------------------------------------------------------------- 42,000 V50 44,000 V50 46,000 V50 48,000 V50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S.L............................................. 2,890 80 3,000 82 3,110 84 3,220 86 1,000........................................... 2,960 80 3,070 82 3,180 84 3,280 86 2,000........................................... 3,040 80 3,150 82 3,260 84 3,360 86 3,000........................................... 3,110 80 3,220 82 3,340 84 3,440 86 4,000........................................... 3,180 80 3,300 82 3,410 84 3,520 86 5,000........................................... 3,260 80 3,380 82 3,500 84 3,610 86 6,000........................................... 3,330 80 3,460 82 3,580 84 3,700 86 7,000........................................... 3,420 80 3,540 82 3,670 84 3,800 86 8,000........................................... 3,500 80 3,630 82 3,760 84 3,900 86 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ For use with Curtiss model C-46 airplanes when approved for this weight. \2\ Steady approach speed through 50 foot-height-knots TIAS denoted by symbol V50. Ref. Fig. 3(b)(2). (c) Actual length of runway required when effective length, considering obstacles, is not determined in accordance with Sec. 121.171. (1) Curtiss model C-46 certificated for maximum weight of 45,000 pounds. (0.55 factor.) Distance in feet ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Airplane weight in pounds and approach speeds \1\ in knots Standard altitude in feet --------------------------------------------------------------- 40,000 V50 42,000 V50 44,000 V50 45,000 V50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S.L............................................. 4,710 86 4,910 88 5,130 90 5,230 91 1,000........................................... 4,840 86 5,050 88 5,270 90 5,370 91 2,000........................................... 4,960 86 5,180 88 5,410 90 5,510 91 3,000........................................... 5,090 86 5,320 88 5,550 90 5,660 91 4,000........................................... 5,230 86 5,460 88 5,700 90 5,810 91 5,000........................................... 5,360 86 5,600 88 5,850 90 5,960 91 6,000........................................... 5,500 86 5,740 88 6,000 90 6,110 91 7,000........................................... 5,640 86 5,900 88 6,170 90 6,280 91 8,000........................................... 5,790 86 6,050 88 6,340 90 6,450 91 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Steady approach speed through 50 foot-height-knots TIAS denoted by symbol V50. Ref. Fig. 3(c)(1). [[Page 533]] (2) Curtiss C-46 certificated for maximum weight of 48,000 pounds.\1\ (0.55 factor.) Distance in feet ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Airplane weight in pounds and approach speeds \2\ in knots Standard altitude in feet --------------------------------------------------------------- 42,000 V50 44,000 V50 46,000 V50 48,000 V50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S.L............................................. 3,680 80 3,820 82 3,960 84 4,090 86 1,000........................................... 3,770 80 3,910 82 4,050 84 4,180 86 2,000........................................... 3,860 80 4,000 82 4,140 84 4,280 86 3,000........................................... 3,960 80 4,090 82 4,240 84 4,380 86 4,000........................................... 4,050 80 4,190 82 4,340 84 4,490 86 5,000........................................... 4,150 80 4,290 82 4,450 84 4,600 86 6,000........................................... 4,240 80 4,400 82 4,560 84 4,710 86 7,000........................................... 4,350 80 4,510 82 4,670 84 4,840 86 8,000........................................... 4,450 80 4,620 82 4,790 84 4,960 86 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ For use with Curtiss model C-46 airplanes when approved for this weight. \2\ Steady approach speed through 50 foot-height-knots TIAS denoted by symbol V50. Ref. Fig. 3(c)(2). [[Page 534]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.009 [[Page 535]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.010 [[Page 536]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.011 [[Page 537]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.012 [[Page 538]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.013 [[Page 539]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.014 [[Page 540]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.015 [[Page 541]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.016 [[Page 542]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.017 [[Page 543]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.018 [[Page 544]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.019 [[Page 545]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.020 [[Page 546]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.021 [[Page 547]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC26SE91.022 [Doc. No. 4080, 30 FR 258, Jan. 3, 1965; 30 FR 481, Jan. 14, 1965, as amended by Amdt. 121-207, 54 FR 39293, Sept. 25, 1989] [[Page 548]] Appendix D to Part 121--Criteria for Demonstration of Emergency Evacuation Procedures Under Sec. 121.291 (a) Aborted takeoff demonstration. (1) The demonstration must be conducted either during the dark of the night or during daylight with the dark of the night simulated. If the demonstration is conducted indoors during daylight hours, it must be conducted with each window covered and each door closed to minimize the daylight effect. Illumination on the floor or ground may be used, but it must be kept low and shielded against shining into the airplane's windows or doors. (2) The airplane must be a normal ground attitude with landing gear extended. (3) Unless the airplane is equipped with an off-wing descent means, stands or ramps may be used for descent from the wing to the ground. Safety equipment such as mats or inverted life rafts may be placed on the floor or ground to protect participants. No other equipment that is not part of the emergency evacuation equipment of the airplane may be used to aid the participants in reaching the ground. (4) The airplane's normal electrical power sources must be deenergized. (5) All emergency equipment for the type of passenger-carrying operation involved must be installed in accordance with the certificate holder's manual. (6) Each external door and exit, and each internal door or curtain must be in position to simulate a normal takeoff. (7) A representative passenger load of persons in normal health must be used. At least 40 percent of the passenger load must be females. At least 35 percent of the passenger load must be over 50 years of age. At least 15 percent of the passenger load must be female and over 50 year of age. Three life-size dolls, not included as part of the total passenger load, must be carried by passengers to simulate live infants 2 years old or younger. Crewmembers, mechanics, and training personnel, who maintain or operate the airplane in the normal course of their duties, may not be used as passengers. (8) No passenger may be assigned a specific seat except as the Administrator may require. Except as required by item (12) of this paragraph, no employee of the certificate holder may be seated next to an emergency exit. (9) Seat belts and shoulder harnesses (as required) must be fastened. (10) Before the start of the demonstration, approximately one-half of the total average amount of carry-on baggage, blankets, pillows, and other similar articles must be distributed at several locations in the aisles and emergency exit access ways to create minor obstructions. (11) The seating density and arrangement of the airplane must be representative of the highest capacity passenger version of that airplane the certificate holder operates or proposes to operate. (12) Each crewmember must be a member of a regularly scheduled line crew, except that flight crewmembers need not be members of a regularly scheduled line crew, provided they have knowledge of the airplane. Each crewmember must be seated in the seat the crewmember is normally assigned for takeoff, and must remain in that seat until the signal for commencement of the demonstration is received. (13) No crewmember or passenger may be given prior knowledge of the emergency exits available for the demonstration. (14) The certificate holder may not practice, rehearse, or describe the demonstration for the participants nor may any participant have taken part in this type of demonstration within the preceding 6 months. (15) The pretakeoff passenger briefing required by Sec. 121.571 may be given in accordance with the certificate holder's manual. The passengers may also be warned to follow directions of crewmembers, but may not be instructed on the procedures to be followed in the demonstration. (16) If safety equipment as allowed by item (3) of this section is provided, either all passenger and cockpit windows must be blacked out or all of the emergency exits must have safety equipment in order to prevent disclosure of the available emergency exits. (17) Not more than 50 percent of the emergency exits in the sides of the fuselage of an airplane that meet all of the requirements applicable to the required emergency exits for that airplane may be used for the demonstration. Exits that are not to be used in the demonstration must have the exit handle deactivated or must be indicated by red lights, red tape, or other acceptable means, placed outside the exits to indicate fire or other reason that they are unusable. The exits to be used must be representative of all of the emergency exits on the airplane and must be designated by the certificate holder, subject to approval by the Administrator. At least one floor level exit must be used. (18) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this appendix, all evacuees must leave the airplane by a means provided as part of the airplane's equipment. (19) The certificate holder's approved procedures and all of the emergency equipment that is normally available, including slides, ropes, lights, and megaphones, must be fully utilized during the demonstration, except that the flightcrew must take no active role in assisting others inside the cabin during the demonstration. (20) The evacuation time period is completed when the last occupant has evacuated the airplane and is on the ground. Evacuees [[Page 549]] using stands or ramps allowed by item (3) above are considered to be on the ground when they are on the stand or ramp: Provided, That the acceptance rate of the stand or ramp is no greater than the acceptance rate of the means available on the airplane for descent from the wing during an actual crash situation. (b) Ditching demonstration. The demonstration must assume that daylight hours exist outside the airplane, and that all required crewmembers are available for the demonstration. (1) If the certificate holder's manual requires the use of passengers to assist in the launching of liferafts, the needed passengers must be aboard the airplane and participate in the demonstration according to the manual. (2) A stand must be placed at each emergency exit and wing, with the top of the platform at a height simulating the water level of the airplane following a ditching. (3) After the ditching signal has been received, each evacuee must don a life vest according to the certificate holder's manual. (4) Each liferaft must be launched and inflated, according to the certificate holder's manual, and all other required emergency equipment must be placed in rafts. (5) Each evacuee must enter a liferaft, and the crewmembers assigned to each liferaft must indicate the location of emergency equipment aboard the raft and describe its use. (6) Either the airplane, a mockup of the airplane or a floating device simulating a passenger compartment must be used. (i) If a mockup of the airplane is used, it must be a life-size mockup of the interior and representative of the airplane currently used by or proposed to be used by the certificate holder, and must contain adequate seats for use of the evacuees. Operation of the emergency exits and the doors must closely simulate those on the airplane. Sufficient wing area must be installed outside the over-the-wing exits to demonstrate the evacuation. (ii) If a floating device simulating a passenger compartment is used, it must be representative, to the extent possible, of the passenger compartment of the airplane used in operations. Operation of the emergency exits and the doors must closely simulate operation on that airplane. Sufficient wing area must be installed outside the over- the-wing exits to demonstrate the evacuation. The device must be equipped with the same survival equipment as is installed on the airplane, to accommodate all persons participating in the demonstration. [Doc. No. 2033, 30 FR 3206, Mar. 9, 1965, as amended by Amdt. 121-30, 32 FR 13268, Sept. 20, 1967; Amdt. 121-41, 33 FR 9067, June 20, 1968; Amdt. 121-46, 34 FR 5545, Mar. 22, 1969; Amdt. 121-47, 34 FR 11489, July 11, 1969; Amdt. 121-233, 58 FR 45230, Aug. 26, 1993] Appendix E to Part 121--Flight Training Requirements The maneuvers and procedures required by Sec. 121.424 of this part for pilot initial, transition, and upgrade flight training are set forth in the certificate holder's approved low-altitude windshear flight training program and in this appendix and must be performed inflight except that windshear maneuvers and procedures must be performed in an airplane simulator in which the maneuvers and procedures are specifically authorized to be accomplished and except to the extent that certain other maneuvers and procedures may be performed in an airplane simulator with a visual system (visual simulator), an airplane simulator without a visual system (nonvisual simulator), a training device, or a static airplane as indicated by the appropriate symbol in the respective column opposite the maneuver or procedure. Whenever a maneuver or procedure is authorized to be performed in a nonvisual simulator, it may be performed in a visual simulator; when authorized in a training device, it may be performed in a visual or nonvisual simulator, and in some cases, a static airplane. Whenever the requirement may be performed in either a training device or a static airplane, the appropriate symbols are entered in the respective columns. For the purpose of this appendix, the following symbols mean-- P=Pilot in Command (PIC). S=Second in Command (SIC). B=PIC and SIC. F=Flight Engineer. PJ=PIC transition Jet to Jet. PP=PIC transition Prop. to Prop. SJ=SIC transition Jet to Jet. SP=SIC transition Prop. to Prop. AT=All transition categories (PJ, PP, SJ, SP). PS=SIC upgrading to PIC (same airplane). SF=Flight Engineer upgrading to SIC (same airplane). BU=Both SIC and Flight Engineer upgrading (same airplane). [[Page 550]] Flight Training Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Initial training Transition training Upgrade training --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A/P Simulator A/P Simulator A/P Simulator Maneuvers/Procedures --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nonvisual Nonvisual Nonvisual Inflight Static Visual simulator simulator Training device Inflight Static Visual simulator simulator Training device Inflight Static Visual simulator simulator Training device ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ As appropriate to the airplane and the ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... operation involved, flight training for pilots must include the following maneuvers and procedures.. I. Preflight: (a) Visual inspection of the exterior and ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ................ ............... ............... interior of the airplane, the location of each item to be inspected, and the purpose for inspecting it. If a flight engineer is a required crewmember for the particular type of airplane, the visual inspection may be replaced by using an approved pictorial means that realistically portrays the location and detain of preflight inspection items.. (b) Use of the prestart check list, ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... appropriate control system checks, starting procedures, radio and electronic equipment checks, and the selection of proper navigation and communications radio facilities and frequencies prior to flight. (c) Taxiing, sailing, and docking B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ................ ................ ............... ............... procedures in compliance with instructions issued by the appropriate Traffic Control Authority or by the person conducting the training. (d) Pretakeoff checks that include power- ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... plant checks. II. Takeoffs: (a) Normal takeoffs which, for the purpose B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ................ ................ ............... ............... of this maneuver, begin when the airplane is taxied into position on the runway to be used. (b) Takeoffs with instrument conditions ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... simulated at or before reaching an altitude of 100' above the airport elevation. (c) Crosswind takeoffs.................... B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ................ ................ ............... ............... (d) Takeoffs with a simulated failure of ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... the most critical powerplant--. [[Page 551]] (1) At a point after V1 and before V2 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... that in the judgment of the person conducting the training is appropriate to the airplane type under the prevailing conditions; or. (2) At a point as close as possible ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... after V1 when V1 and V2 or V1 and VR are identical; or. (3) At the appropriate speed for ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... nontransport category airplanes. For transition training in an airplane group ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... with engines mounted in similar positions, or from wing-mounted engines to aft fuselage-mounted engines, the maneuver may be performed in a nonvisual simulator. (e) Rejected takeoffs accomplished during ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... a normal takeoff run after reaching a reasonable speed determined by giving due consideration to aircraft characteristics, runway length, surface conditions, wind direction and velocity, brake heat energy, and any other pertinent factors that may adversely affect safety or the airplane. Training in at least one of the above ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... takeoffs must be accomplished at night. For transitioning pilots this requirement may be met during the operating experience required under Sec. 121.434 of this part by performing a normal takeoff at night when a check airman serving as pilot-in-command is occupying a pilot station. III. Flight Maneuvers and Procedures: (a) Turns with and without spoilers....... ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... (b) Tuck and Mach buffet.................. ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... (c) Maximum endurance and maximum range ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... procedures. (d) Operation of systems and controls at ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ PS............. ............... the flight engineer station. (e) Runway and jammed stabilizer.......... ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... (f) Normal and abnormal or alternate operation of the following systems and procedures: (1) Pressurization...................... ................ ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ............... BU (2) Pneumatic........................... ................ ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ............... BU (3) Air conditioning.................... ................ ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ............... BU (4) Fuel and oil........................ ................ B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ AT.............. ................ ................ AT.............. ................ BU.............. ................ ............... BU (5) Electrical.......................... ................ B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ AT.............. ................ ................ AT.............. ................ BU.............. ................ ............... BU (6) Hydraulic........................... ................ B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ AT.............. ................ ................ AT.............. ................ BU.............. ................ ............... BU (7) Flight control...................... ................ B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ................ ............... BU (8) Anti-icing and deicing.............. ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... [[Page 552]] (9) Auto-pilot.......................... ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... (10) Automatic or other approach aids... B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ SF.............. ................ ................ BU............. ............... (11) Stall warning devices, stall B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ SF.............. ................ ................ BU............. ............... avoidance devices, and stability augmentation devices. (12) Airborne radar devices............. ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... (13) Any other systems, devices, or aids ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... available. (14) Electrical, hydraulic, flight ................ B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ AT.............. ................ ................ AT.............. ................ BU.............. ................ ............... BU control, and flight instrument system malfunctioning or failure. (15) Landing gear and flap systems ................ B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ AT.............. ................ ................ AT.............. ................ BU.............. ................ ............... BU failure or malfunction. (16) Failure of navigation or ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... communications equipment. (g) Flight emergency procedures that include at least the following: (1) Powerplant, heater, cargo ................ B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ AT.............. ................ ................ AT.............. ................ BU.............. ................ ............... BU compartment, cabin, flight deck, wing, and electrical fires. (2) Smoke control....................... ................ B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ AT.............. ................ ................ AT.............. ................ BU.............. ................ BU............. BU (3) Powerplant failures................. ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... BU (4) Fuel jettisoning.................... ................ B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ B............... ................ ................ B............... ................ BU.............. ................ ............... BU (5) Any other emergency procedures ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... outlined in the appropriate flight manual. (h) Steep turns in each direction. Each ................ ................ ................ P............... ................ ................ ................ ................ PJ.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ PS............. ............... steep turn must involve a bank angle of 45 deg. with a heading change of at least 180 deg. but not more than 360 deg.. (i) Approaches to stalls in the takeoff ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... configuration (except where the airplane uses only a zero-flap configuration), in the clean configuration, and in the landing configuration. Training in at least one of the above ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... configurations must be accomplished while in a turn with a bank angle between 15 deg. and 30 deg.. (j) Recovery from specific flight ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... characteristics that are peculiar to the airplane type. [[Page 553]] (k) Instrument procedures that include the following: (1) Area departure and arrival.......... ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... (2) Use of navigation systems including ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... adherence to assigned radials. (3) Holding............................. ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU............. ............... (l) ILS instrument approaches that include the following: (1) Normal ILS approaches............... B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ................ ................ ............... ............... (2) Manually controlled ILS approaches B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... with a simulated failure of one powerplane which occurs before initiating the final approach course and continues to touchdown or through the missed approach procedure. (m) Instrument approaches and missed approaches other than ILS which include the following: (1) Nonprecision approaches that the ................ ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... trainee is likely to use. (2) In addition to subparagraph (1) of ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... this paragraph, at least one other nonprecision approach and missed approach procedure that the trainee is likely to use. In connection with paragraphs III(k) and ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... III(l), each instrument approach must be performed according to any procedures and limitations approved for the approach facility used. The instrument approach begins when the airplane is over the initial approach fix for the approach procedure being used (or turned over to the final approach controller in the case of GCA approach) and ends when the airplane touches down on the runway or when transition to a missed approach configuration is completed. (n) Circling approaches which include the B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ................ ................ ............... ............... following: (1) That portion of the circling ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... approach to the authorized minimum altitude for the procedure being used must be made under simulated instrument conditions. [[Page 554]] (2) The circling approach must be made ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... to the authorized minimum circling approach altitude followed by a change in heading and the necessary maneuvering (by visual reference) to maintain a flight path that permits a normal landing on a runway at least 90 deg. from the final approach course of the simulated instrument portion of the approach. (3) The circling approach must be ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... performed without excessive maneuvering, and without exceeding the normal operating limits of the airplane. The angle of bank should not exceed 30 deg.. Training in the circling approach maneuver ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... is not required for a pilot employed by a certificate holder subject to the operating rules of Part 121 of this chapter if the certificate holder's manual prohibits a circling approach in weather conditions below 1000-3 (ceiling and visibility); for a SIC if the certificate holder's manual prohibits the SIC from performing a circling approach in operations under this part. (o) Zero-flap approaches. Training in this P............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ PP, PJ.......... ................ ................ ................ ................ PS.............. ............... ............... maneuver is not required for a particular airplane type if the Administrator has determined that the probability of flap extension failure on that type airplane is extremely remote due to system design. In making this determination, the Administrator determines whether training on slats only and partial flap approaches is necessary. (p) Missed approaches which include the following: (1) Missed approaches from ILS ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... approaches. (2) Other missed approaches............. ................ ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ............... BU [[Page 555]] (3) Missed approaches that include a ................ ................ ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ............... BU complete approved missed approach procedure. (4) Missed approaches that include a ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... powerplant failure. IV. Landings and Approaches to Landings: (a) Normal landings....................... B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ................ ................ ............... ............... (b) Landing and go around with the P............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ PJ, PP.......... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... PS horizontal stabilizer out of trim. (c) Landing in sequence from an ILS B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... instrument approach. (d) Cross wind landing.................... B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ................ ................ ............... ............... (e) Maneuvering to a landing with simulated powerplant failure, as follows: (1) Except as provided in subparagraph P............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ PJ, PP.......... ................ ................ ................ ................ PS.............. ............... ............... (3) of this paragraph in the case of 3- engine airplanes, maneuvering to a landing with an approved procedure that approximates the loss of two powerplants (center and one out-board engine). (2) Except as provided in subparagraph P............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ PJ, PP.......... ................ ................ ................ ................ PS.............. ............... ............... (3) of this paragraph, in the case of other multiengine airplanes, maneuvering to a landing with a simulated failure of 50 percent of available powerplants with the simulated loss of power on one side of the airplane. (3) Notwithstanding the requirements of subparagraphs (1) and (2) of this paragraph, flight crewmembers who satisfy those requirements in a visual simulator must also: (i) Take inflight training in one- ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... engine inoperative landings; and. (ii) In the case of a second-in- ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... command up-grading to a pilot-in- command and who has not previously performed the maneuvers required by this paragraph in flight, meet the requirements of this paragraph applicable to initial training for pilots-in-command. (4) In the case of flight crewmembers ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... other than the pilot-in-command, perform the maneuver with the simulated loss of power of the most critical powerplant only. [[Page 556]] (f) Landing under simulated circling B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... approach conditions (exceptions under III(n) applicable to this requirement). (g) Rejected landings that include a B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... normal missed approach procedure after the landing is rejected. For the purpose of this maneuver the landing should be rejected at approximately 50 feet and approximately over the runway threshold. (h) Zero-flap landings if the P............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ PP, PJ.......... ................ ................ ................ ................ PS.............. ............... ............... Administrator finds that maneuver appropriate for training in the airplane. (i) Manual reversion (if appropriate)..... ................ ................ B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ............... ............... Training in landings and approaches to ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... landings must include the types and conditions provided in IV(a) through (i) but more than one type may be combined where appropriate. Training in one of the above landings must B............... ................ ................ ................ ................ AT.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ BU.............. ................ ................ ............... ............... be accomplished at night. For transitioning pilots, this requirement may be met during the operating experience required under Sec. 121.434 of this part by performing a normal landing when a check pilot serving as pilot-in-command is occupying a pilot station. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 97, Jan. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 121-91, 37 FR 10730, May 27, 1972; Amdt. 121-108, 38 FR 35446, Dec. 28, 1973; Amdt. 121- 159, 45 FR 41595, June 19, 1980; Amdt. 121-199, 53 FR 37697, Sept. 27, 1988] [[Page 557]] Appendix F to Part 121--Proficiency Check Requirements The maneuvers and procedures required by Sec. 121.441 for pilot proficiency checks are set forth in this appendix and must be performed inflight except to the extent that certain maneuvers and procedures may be performed in an airplane simulator with a visual system (visual simulator), an airplane simulator without a visual system (nonvisual simulator), or a training device as indicated by the appropriate symbol in the respective column opposite the maneuver or procedure. Whenever a maneuver or procedure is authorized to be performed in a nonvisual simulator, it may also be performed in a visual simulator; when authorized in a training device, it may be performed in a visual or nonvisual simulator. For the purpose of this appendix, the following symbols mean-- P=Pilot in Command. B=Both Pilot in Command and Second in Command. *=A symbol and asterisk (B*) indicates that a particular condition is specified in the maneuvers and procedures column. =When a maneuver is preceded by this symbol it indicates the maneuver may be required in the airplane at the discretion of the person conducting the check. Throughout the maneuvers prescribed in this appendix, good judgment commensurate with a high level of safety must be demonstrated. In determining whether such judgment has been shown, the person conducting the check considers adherence to approved procedures, actions based on analysis of situations for which there is no prescribed procedure or recommended practice, and qualities of prudence and care in selecting a course of action. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Required Permitted ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Maneuvers/Procedures Simulated Waiver instrument Inflight Visual Nonvisual Training provisions of conditions simulator simulator device Sec. 121.441(d) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The procedures and maneuvers set forth in this appendix must be performed in a manner that satisfactorily demonstrates knowledge and skill with respect to-- (1) The airplane, its systems and components;................................. .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ (2) Proper control of airspeed, configuration, direction, altitude, and .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ attitude in accordance with procedures and limitations contained in the approved Airplane Flight Manual, the certificate holder's operations Manual, check lists, or other approved material appropriate to the airplane type; and (3) Compliance with approach, ATC, or other applicable procedures............. .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ I. Preflight: (a) Equipment examination (oral or written). As part of the practical test the .......... ........ ......... ......... B ................ equipment examination must be closely coordinated with, and related to, the flight maneuvers portion but may not be given during the flight maneuvers portion. The equipment examination must cover--.............................. (1) Subjects requiring a practical knowledge of the airplane, its .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ powerplants, systems, components, operational, and performance factors;.... (2) Normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures, and the operations and .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ limitations relating thereto; and.......................................... (3) The appropriate provisions of the approved Airplane Flight Manual....... .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ The person conducting the check may accept, as equal to this equipment test, an equipment test given to the pilot in the certificate holder's ground school within the preceding 6 calendar months (b) Preflight inspection. The pilot must--.................................... .......... ........ ......... ......... B B* (1) Conduct an actual visual inspection of the exterior and interior of the .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ airplane, locating each item and explaining briefly the purpose for inspecting it; and......................................................... (2) Demonstrate the use of the prestart check list, appropriate control .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ system checks, starting procedures, radio and electronic equipment checks, and the selection of proper navigation and communications radio facilities and frequencies prior to flight............................................ [[Page 558]] Except for flight checks required by Sec. 121.424(d)(2), an approved pictorial means that realistically portrays the location and detail of preflight inspection items and provides for the portrayal of abnormal conditions may be substituted for the preflight inspection. If a flight engineer is a required flight crewmember for the particular type airplane, the visual inspection may be waived under Sec. 121.441(d) (c) Taxiing. This maneuver includes taxiing (in the case of a second in .......... B ......... ......... ........ ................ command proficiency check to the extent practical from the second in command crew position), sailing, or docking procedures in compliance with instructions issued by the appropriate traffic control authority or by the person conducting the checks................................................. (d) Powerplant checks. As appropriate to the airplane type.................... .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ II. Takeoff: (a) Normal. One normal takeoff which, for the purpose of this maneuver, begins .......... B* ......... ......... ........ ................ when the airplane is taxied into position on the runway to be used........... (b) Instrument. One takeoff with instrument conditions simulated at or before B ........ B* ......... ........ ................ reaching an altitude of 100' above the airport elevation..................... (c) Crosswind. One crosswind takeoff, if practicable, under the existing .......... B* ......... ......... ........ ................ meteorological, airport, and traffic conditions.............................. Requirements (a) and (c) may be combined, and requirements (a), (b), and (c) may be combined if (b) is performed inflight (d) Powerplant failure. One takeoff with a simulated failure of the most .......... ........ B ......... ........ ................ critical powerplant--........................................................ (1) At a point after V1 and before V2 that in the judgment of the person .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ conducting the check is appropriate to the airplane type under the prevailing conditions;..................................................... (2) At a point as close as possible after V1 when V1 and V2 or V1 and Vr are .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ identical; or.............................................................. (3) At the appropriate speed for non-transport category airplanes........... .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ In an airplane group with aft fuselage-mounted engines this maneuver may be .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ performed in a non-visual simulator (e) Rejected. A rejected takeoff may be performed in an airplane during a normal .......... ........ ......... B* ........ B takeoff run after reaching a reasonable speed determined by giving due consideration to aircraft characteristics, runway length, surface conditions, wind direction and velocity, brake heat energy, and any other pertinent factors that may adversely affect safety or the airplane............................... III. Instrument procedures: (a) Area departure and area arrival. During each of these maneuvers the B ........ ......... B ........ B* applicant must--............................................................. (1) Adhere to actual or simulated ATC clearances (including assigned .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ radials); and.............................................................. (2) Properly use available navigation facilities............................ .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ Either area arrival or area departure, but not both, may be waived under Sec. 121.441(d) (b) Holding. This maneuver includes entering, maintaining, and leaving holding B ........ ......... B ........ B patterns. It may be performed in connection with either area departure or area arrival................................................................. (c) ILS and other instrument approaches. There must be the following: (1) At least one normal ILS approach........................................ B ........ B ......... ........ ................ (2) At least one manually controlled ILS approach with a simulated failure B ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ of one powerplant. The simulated failure should occur before initiating the final approach course and must continue to touchdown or through the missed approach procedure......................................................... (3) At least one nonprecision approach procedure that is representative of B ........ B ......... ........ ................ the nonprecision approach procedures that the certificate holder is likely to use..................................................................... [[Page 559]] (4) Demonstration of at least one nonprecision approach procedure on a B ........ ......... ......... B ................ letdown aid other than the approach procedure performed under subparagraph (3) of this paragraph that the certificate holder is approved to use. If performed in a training device, the procedures must be observed by a check pilot or an approved instructor............................................ Each instrument approach must be performed according to any procedures and limitations approved for the approach facility used. The instrument approach begins when the airplane is over the initial approach fix for the approach procedure being used (or turned over to the final approach controller in the case of GCA approach) and ends when the airplane touches down on the runway or when transition to a missed approach configuration is completed. Instrument conditions need not be simulated below 100' above touchdown zone elevation (d) Circling approaches. If the certificate holder is approved for circling .......... ........ B* ......... ........ B* minimums below 1000-3, at least one circling approach must be made under the following conditions--....................................................... (1) The portion of the approach to the authorized minimum circling approach B ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ altitude must be made under simulated instrument conditions................ (2) The approach must be made to the authorized minimum circling approach .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ altitude followed by a change in heading and the necessary maneuvering (by visual reference) to maintain a flight path that permits a normal landing on a runway at least 90 deg. from the final approach course of the simulated instrument portion of the approach............................... (3) The circling approach must be performed without excessive maneuvering, .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ and without exceeding the normal operating limits of the airplane. The angle of bank should not exceed 30 deg..................................... If local conditions beyond the control of the pilot prohibit the maneuver or prevent it from being performed as required, it may be waived as provided in Sec. 121.441(d): Provided, however, That the maneuver may not be waived under this provision for two successive proficiency checks. The circling approach maneuver is not required for a second-in-command if the certificate holder's manual prohibits a second-in-command from performing a circling approach in operations under this part (e) Missed approach........................................................... .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ (1) Each pilot must perform at least one missed approach from an ILS .......... ........ B* ......... ........ ................ approach................................................................... (2) Each pilot in command must perform at least one additional missed .......... ........ P* ......... ........ ................ approach................................................................... A complete approved missed approach procedure must be accomplished at least once. At the discretion of the person conducting the check a simulated powerplant failure may be required during any of the missed approaches. These maneuvers may be performed either independently or in conjunction with maneuvers required under Sections III or V of this appendix. At least one missed approach must be performed in flight IV. Inflight Maneuvers: (a) Steep turns. At least one steep turn in each direction must be performed. P ........ ......... P ........ P Each steep turn must involve a bank angle of 45 deg. with a heading change of at least 180 deg. but not more than 360 deg.................................. (b) Approaches to stalls. For the purpose of this maneuver the required B ........ ......... B ........ B* approach to a stall is reached when there is a perceptible buffet or other response to the initial stall entry. Except as provided below there must be at least three approaches to stalls as follows:.............................. [[Page 560]] (1) One must be in the takeoff configuration (except where the airplane uses .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ only a zero-flap takeoff configuration).................................... (2) One in a clean configuration............................................ .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ (3) One in a landing configuration.......................................... .......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ................ At the discretion of the person conducting the check, one approach to a stall must be performed in one of the above configurations while in a turn with the bank angle between 15 deg. and 30 deg.. Two out of the three approaches required by this paragraph may be waived If the certificate holder is authorized to dispatch or flight release the airplane with a stall warning device inoperative the device may not be used during this maneuver (c) Specific flight characteristics. Recovery from specific flight .......... ........ ......... B ........ B characteristics that are peculiar to the airplane type....................... (d) Powerplant failures. In addition to specific requirements for maneuvers .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ with simulated powerplant failures, the person conducting the check may require a simulated powerplant failure at any time during the check.......... V. Landings and Approaches to Landings: Notwithstanding the authorizations for combining and waiving maneuvers and for the use of a simulator, at least two actual landings (one to a full stop) must be made for all pilot-in-command and initial second-in-command proficiency checks. Landings, and approaches to landings must include the following, but more than one type may be combined where appropriate: Landings and approaches to landings must include the types listed below, but more than one type may be combined where appropriate: (a) Normal landing............................................................ .......... B ......... ......... ........ ................ (b) Landing in sequence from an ILS instrument approach except that if .......... B* ......... ......... ........ ................ circumstances beyond the control of the pilot prevent an actual landing, the person conducting the check may accept an approach to a point where in his judgment a landing to a full stop could have been made....................... (c) Crosswind landing, if practical under existing meteorological, airport, .......... B* ......... ......... ........ ................ and traffic conditions....................................................... (d) Maneuvering to a landing with simulated powerplant failure as follows: (1) In the case of 3-engine airplanes, maneuvering to a landing with an .......... ........ B* ......... ........ ................ approved procedure that approximates the loss of two powerplants (center and one outboard engine); or............................................... (2) In the case of other multiengine airplanes, maneuvering to a landing .......... ........ B* ......... ........ ................ with a simulated failure of 50 percent of available powerplants, with the simulated loss of power on one side of the airplane........................ [[Page 561]] Notwithstanding the requirements of subparagraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this paragraph, in a proficiency check for other than a pilot-in-command, the simulated loss of power may be only the most critical powerplant. However, if a pilot satisfies the requirements of subparagraphs (d) (1) or (2) of this paragraph in a visual simulator, he also must maneuver in flight to a landing with a simulated failure of the most critical powerplant. In addition, a pilot- in-command may omit the maneuver required by subparagraph (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this paragraph during a required proficiency check or simulator course of training if he satisfactorily performed that maneuver during the preceding proficiency check, or during the preceding approved simulator course of training under the observation of a check airman, whichever was completed later (e) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, if the certificate .......... ........ B* ......... ........ ................ holder is approved for circling minimums below 1000-3, a landing under simulated circling approach conditions. However, when performed in an airplane, if circumstances beyond the control of the pilot prevent a landing, the person conducting the check may accept an approach to a point where, in his judgment, a landing to a full stop could have been made.................. (f) A rejected landing, including a normal missed approach procedure, that is .......... ........ B ......... ........ ................ rejected approximately 50' over the runway and approximately over the runway threshold. This maneuver may be combined with instrument, circling, or missed approach procedures, but instrument conditions need not be simulated below 100 feet above the runway.................................................... VI. Normal and Abnormal Procedures: Each applicant must demonstrate the proper use of as many of the systems and devices listed below as the person conducting the check finds are necessary to determine that the person being checked has a practical knowledge of the use of the systems and devices appropriate to the airplane type: (a) Anti-icing and de-icing systems........................................... .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ (b) Auto-pilot systems........................................................ .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ (c) Automatic or other approach aid systems................................... .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ (d) Stall warning devices, stall avoidance devices, and stability augmentation .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ devices...................................................................... (e) Airborne radar devices.................................................... .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ (f) Any other systems, devices, or aids available............................. .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ (g) Hydraulic and electrical system failures and malfunctions................. .......... ........ ......... ......... B ................ (h) Landing gear and flap systems failure or malfunction...................... .......... ........ ......... ......... B ................ (i) Failure of navigation or communications equipment......................... .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ VII. Emergency Procedures: Each applicant must demonstrate the proper emergency procedures for as many of the emergency situations listed below as the person conducting the check finds are necessary to determine that the person being checked has an adequate knowledge of, and ability to perform, such procedure: (a) Fire in flight............................................................ .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ (b) Smoke control............................................................. .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ (c) Rapid decompression....................................................... .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ (d) Emergency descent......................................................... .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ (e) Any other emergency procedures outlined in the appropriate approved .......... ........ ......... B ........ ................ Airplane Flight Manual....................................................... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 99, Jan. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 121-80, 36 FR 19362, Oct. 5, 1971; Amdt. 121-91, 37 FR 10730, May 27, 1972; Amdt. 121-92, 37 FR 12717, June 28, 1972; Amdt. 121-108, 38 FR 35448, Dec. 28, 1973; Amdt. 121-136, 42 FR 43389, Aug. 29, 1977] [[Page 562]] Appendix G to Part 121--Doppler Radar and Inertial Navigation System (INS): Request for Evaluation; Equipment and Equipment Installation; Training Program; Equipment Accuracy and Reliability; Evaluation Program 1. Application authority. (a) An applicant for authority to use a Doppler Radar or Inertial Navigation System must submit a request for evaluation of the system to the Flight Standards District Office or International Field Office charged with the overall inspection of its operations 30 days prior to the start of evaluation flights. (b) The application must contain: (1) A summary of experience with the system showing to the satisfaction of the Administrator a history of the accuracy and reliability of the system proposed to be used. (2) A training program curriculum for initial approval under Sec. 121.405. (3) A maintenance program for compliance with subpart L of this part. (4) A description of equipment installation. (5) Proposed revisions to the Operations Manual outlining all normal and emergency procedures relative to use of the proposed system, including detailed methods for continuing the navigational function with partial or complete equipment failure, and methods for determining the most accurate system when an unusually large divergence between systems occurs. For the purpose of this appendix, a large divergence is a divergence that results in a track that falls beyond clearance limits. (6) Any proposed revisions to the minimum equipment list with adequate justification therefor. (7) A list of operations to be conducted using the system, containing an analysis of each with respect to length, magnetic compass reliability, availability of en route aids, and adequacy of gateway and terminal radio facilities to support the system. For the purpose of this appendix, a gateway is a specific navigational fix where use of long range navigation commences or terminates. 2. Equipment and equipment installation--Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) orDoppler Radar System. (a) Inertial Navigation and Doppler Radar Systems must be installed in accordance with applicable airworthiness requirements. (b) Cockpit arrangement must be visible and useable by either pilot seated at his duty station. (c) The equipment must provide, by visual, mechanical, or electrical output signals, indications of the invalidity of output data upon the occurrence of probable failures or malfunctions within the system. (d) A probable failure or malfunction within the system must not result in loss of the aircraft's required navigation capability. (e) The alignment, updating, and navigation computer functions of the system must not be invalidated by normal aircraft power interruptions and transients. (f) The system must not be the source of cause of objectionable radio frequency interference, and must not be adversely affected by radio frequency interference from other aircraft systems. (g) The FAA-approved airplane flight manual, or supplement thereto, must include pertinent material as required to define the normal and emergency operating procedures and applicable operating limitations associated with INS and Doppler performance (such as maximum latitude at which ground alignment capability is provided, or deviations between systems). 3. Equipment and equipment installation--Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). (a) If an applicant elects to use an Inertial Navigation System it must be at least a dual system (including navigational computers and reference units). At least two systems must be operational at takeoff. The dual system may consist of either two INS units, or one INS unit and one Doppler Radar unit. (b) Each Inertial Navigation System must incorporate the following: (1) Valid ground alignment capability at all latitudes appropriate for intended use of the installation. (2) A display of alignment status or a ready to navigate light showing completed alignment to the flight crew. (3) The present position of the airplane in suitable coordinates. (4) Information relative to destinations or waypoint positions: (i) The information needed to gain and maintain a desired track and to determine deviations from the desired track. (ii) The information needed to determine distance and time to go to the next waypoint or destination. (c) For INS installations that do not have memory or other inflight alignment means, a separate electrical power source (independent of the main propulsion system) must be provided which can supply, for at least 5 minutes, enough power (as shown by analysis or as demonstrated in the airplane) to maintain the INS in such condition that its full capability is restored upon the reactivation of the normal electrical supply. (d) The equipment must provide such visual, mechanical, or electrical output signals as may be required to permit the flight crew to detect probable failures or malfunctions in the system. 4. Equipment and equipment installation--Doppler Radar Systems. (a) If an applicant elects to use a Doppler Radar System it must be at least a dual system (including [[Page 563]] dual antennas or a combined antenna designed for multiple operation), except that: (1) A single operating transmitter with a standby capable of operation may be used in lieu of two operating transmitters. (2) Single heading source information t